*Originally published October 11, 2021
Credit: MIT News
A face mask that detects viruses, which cause diseases, has been created using synthetic biology.
What is Synthetic biology?
Synthetic biology is the use and design of new biological parts for useful purposes. In this case, synthetic biologists used this skill to create devices that detect specific genetic sequences.
How would these masks work?
New research makes sensors consisting of freeze-dried (cell-free) circuits, which are freeze-dried chemical extracts composed of enzymes, genes, and more. These devices can be put on flexible and porous materials, hence creating a “wearable” device. These masks allow for a simplified onsite-testing experience and a better alternative to both biohazard risks and viability challenges with living cells (specifically engineered bacteria).
Living cell sensors:
Some cell-infused sensors light up after touching a chemically contaminated surface. This is used for investigating crime scenes, sensing the presence of toxins and viruses, medical diagnostics, pollution monitoring, etc.
CRISPR technology, known as a tool for editing genes, is also used in this process. “Guide” RNA matches their target DNA, activating an enzyme that cuts DNA nucleic acids; this causes a fluorescent protein that emits light.
What would the mask do?
This “detector mask” may have a push button that rehydrates a sensor, causing reactions that break down the virus and strengthen the DNA for detection. Color change of the mask would be noted in 90 minutes if activation.
Uses and requirements:
Since the sensitivity for the detection of pathogens was similar to that of lab tests, these prototype masks could be helpful for testing.
The masks require sources such as power and operator expertise.
They would work at room temperature and typical humidity.
Costs are thought to be as low as 5$, as the virus-detecting diagnostic circuits are lower in cost.
Sources:
https://news.mit.edu/2017/living-sensors-your-fingertips-0215
www.scientificamerica.com
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